BRAHMA JI TEMPLE PUSHKAR जगत्-पिता ब्रह्मा जी का मन्दिर पुष्कर :: Jagat Pita Brahma Mandir-temple is situated at Pushkar in Rajasthan, India. This is located near the sacred lake known as Pushkar. This is the first, one of the rarest & most prominent temple dedicated to Bhagwan Prajapati Brahma. The present temple was constructed over the old site in the 14th century around 2000 years ago. It has been built with marble and stone stabs. It has a distinct red pinnacle-Shikhar and a Hans-swan motif. The temple sanctum sanctorum holds the image of Brahma Ji and Maa Gayatri. The temple is governed by the Sanyasi-ascetic sect, priesthood. On Kartik Poornima, a festival dedicated to Brahma Ji is held when large number of devotees throng Pushkar.
MOTIF :: मूल भाव, विशेष लक्षण, प्रधान विचार-चेष्टा, रूपांकन, अभिप्राय, कथानक रूढ़ि, वस्तु; Intent, Intention, studiedly, article, chose, contents, Entity, luggage.
THRONG :: भीड़, मेला, जमघट, भीड़-भाड़, जमाव, भीड़ लगना, कंधे से कंधे भिड़ता रहना; crowd, multitude, mob, horde, concourse, fair, skit, festival, scrum, rally, swarm, posse, boodle, dilemma, milling, jamming, huddle, hustle, shoal, legion, congestion, setting, coagulation, backlog, concourse, rabble, hang around, cluster, herd.
Brahma Ji saw the demon Vajr Nabh (Vajr Nash) trying to kill his creations-public. He immediately slew the demon with his weapon-Brahmastr, in the form of a lotus-flower. In this process, the lotus petals fell on the ground at three places, creating three lakes: the Pushkar Lake or Jyeshth Pushkar (senior-greatest or first Pushkar), the Madhy Pushkar (middle Pushkar) Lake and Kanishth Pushkar (Junior-lowest or youngest Pushkar) lake. When Brahma Ji came down to the earth, he named this place, where the Pushp-flower petals had fallen from his hands-Kar as Pushkar.[Padma Puran]
Pushkar means blue lotus flower. The demigods released a swan with a lotus in its beak and let it fall on earth where Brahma Ji would perform a grand Yagy. The place where the lotus fell was called Pushkar. Pushkar is derived from the word Push Karni, which means-lake.
Brahma Ji decided to perform a Yagy (holy sacrifices in fire) at the main Pushkar Lake. To perform his Yagy peacefully without being attacked by the demons, he created the hills around Pushkar named Ratn Giri in the south, Neel Giri in the north, Sanchoor in the west and Sury Giri in the east and positioned demigods there to protect the Yagy. However, while performing the Yagy, his wife Maa Savitri (or Saraswati in some versions) could not be present at the designated time to perform the essential part of the Yagy as she was waiting for Maa Lakshmi, Parvati and Indrani. So, Brahma Ji married Gurjar girl, Gayatri and completed the Yagy with her sitting beside him, holding the Amrat Kalash (Pot containing the elixir-nectar) on her head and giving Ahuti-offering, in the sacrificial holy fire.
When Savitri finally arrived at the venue, she found Gayatri sitting next to Brahma Ji which was her rightful place. Agitated, she cursed Brahma Ji that he would be never worshipped, but later reduced the curse permitting his worship in Pushkar. Savitri also cursed Indr to be defeated easily in battles and Bhagwan Shri Hari Vishnu to suffer the separation from his wife as a human, the fire-deity Agni who was offered the Yagy to be all-devouring and the priests performing the Yagy to be poor. Endowed by the powers of Yagy, Gayatri diluted Savitri's curse, blessing Pushkar to be the king of pilgrimages, Indr would always retain his heaven, Bhagwan Vishnu would be born as the human incarnation Ram and finally unite with Mata Sita and the priests would become scholars and be venerated. Thus, the Pushkar temple is regarded as the only temple solely dedicated to Brahma Ji. Savitri, thereafter, moved into the Ratn Giri hill and became a part of it, by emerging as a spring known as the Savitri Jharna-stream & a temple in her honour exists there. There are still priests from the Gurjar community in Pushkar temple, known as Bhopas.
There are 500 temples, 80 are large and the rest are small. Of these many are old that were destroyed or desecrated by Muslim depredations during Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's rule (1658–1707) but were re-built subsequently. Of these the most important is the Brahma temple. The temple is described to have been built by sage Vishw Mitr after Brahma's Yagy. Brahma himself chose the location for his temple. The 8th century Adi Shankrachary renovated this temple, while the current medieval structure dates to Maha Raja Jawat Raj of Ratlam, who made additions and repairs, retaining the original temple design.
The temple, which is set on high plinth, is approached through a number of marble steps leading to an entrance gate archway, decorated with pillared canopies. The entry from the gate leads to a pillared outdoor hall-Mandap and then the sanctum sanctorum-Garbh Grah. The temple is built with stone slabs and blocks, joined together with molten lead. The red Shikhar-spire of the temple, has the symbol of a Hans-Swan-Goose, the mount of Bhagwan Brahma; as the distinct features of the temple. The Shikhar is about 700 feet (210 m) in height. The Hans-motif decorates the main entry gate. Marble flooring in black and white checks and walls inside the temple have been inlaid with hundreds of silver coins by devotees, with their names inscribed over them, as mark of offering to Bhagwan Brahma-the creator. There is a silver turtle in the Mandap, which is displayed on the floor of the temple facing the Garbh Grah, built in marble. The marble flooring has been replaced from time to time. The left depicts the front façade and the right has the idol of Brahma Ji inside the temple.
Bhagwan Brahma's central icon-Murti-idol made of marble was deified (देवत्वारोपण, देवता-सदृश) in the Garbh Grah in 718 AD by Adi Shankrachary. The icon depicts Brahma Ji, seated in a crossed leg position in the aspect of creation of the universe-the Vishw Karma. The central image is called the Chau Murti-four-faced idol. It is of life size idol with four hands, four faces, each oriented in a cardinal direction. The four arms hold the Aksh Mala-rosary, the Pustak-book), the Kurk-Kush grass and the Kamandlu-water pot). Brahma Ji is riding on his mount-vehicle, the Hans. The four symbols held by Brahma Ji in his arms: the rosary, Kamandlu, book and the sacrificial implement Kush grass represent time, the causal waters from which the universe emerged, knowledge and the system of sacrifices to be adopted for sustenance of various life-forms in the universe. Gayatri's image is also present, along with Brahma's Ji in centre to his left. Maa Savitri-Saraswati sits to the right of Brahma Ji, along with other deities. Images of the peacock the vehicle of Maa Saraswati, also decorate the temple walls. Images of the Nurturer-preserver Bhagwan Vishnu, life-sized Dwar Palas-gate keepers and a gilded Garud (eagle-man, Vehicle-mount of Bhagwan Vishnu are also present in the temple.
The pilgrims take ceremonial sacred bath in Pushkar Lake with Savitri temple in the background and then visit the Brahma Ji temple to worship him and his wife Gayatri.
The temple is open for worship between 6:30 AM and 8:30 PM during winter and 6:00 AM to 9:00 PM during summer, with an interval in afternoon between 1:30 PM to 3:00 PM when the temple is closed. Three Artis are held in the temple: Sandhya Arti in the evening about 40 minutes after Sunset, Ratri Shayan Arti (night-sleep Arti) about 5 hours past Sunset and Mangal Arti in the morning, about 2 hours before Sunrise.
The priests at the Brahma Ji temple refer to a strictly followed religious practice. House holders-married men are not allowed to enter the sanctum sanctorum to worship the deity. Only ascetics-sages-Sanyasis can perform the Puja to the deity. Hence, all offerings by pilgrims are given, from the outer hall of the temple, through a priest who is also a Sanyasi. The priests of the temple, in Pushkar, belong to the Parashar Gotr-lineage.
Mata Savitri and Gayatri also have separate temples erected for them in Pushkar, on hills at opposite ends of the lake. Savitri temple located on the top of Ratn Giri hill, behind Brahma Ji's temple, overlooks the Pushkar Lake and the sand dunes on its western side. It is reached by one hour's trek over a series of steps on the hill. The temple made of marble, houses a statue of Maa Savitri. The Gayatri temple-Pap Mochini temple is accessible by a 30-minute climb from a track behind Marwar bus stand.
The Atpateshwar temple, which is situated in a cave next to the Brahma temple, is dedicated to Bhagwan Shiv. This temple was built by Brahma Ji after he found that Bhagwan Shiv attended the Yagy performed by him in the garb of a Tantric-mendicant holding a skull. When Bhagwan Shiv was accosted for this appearance, he was piqued and filled the entire area of the Yagy site with skulls. Agitated Brahma Ji then meditated to find the reason for such a situation. Soon, he realised that the mendicant was none other than Bhagwan Shiv. Realising his folly, Brahma Ji requested Bhagwan Shiv to attend the Yagy. Bhagwan Shiv attended the Yagy holding the skull and Brahma Ji in appreciation erected a temple in honour of Bhagwan Shiv as Atpateshwar, next to his own temple. The Shiv Ling in this temple is large and is encircled by a snake made of copper. Shiv Ratri festival is a special occasion to visit this temple. Bhagwan Shiv is Yagyeshwar (यज्ञेश्वर) and no Yagy is complete without his presence-worship.
Tirth Raj Pushkar (पुष्कर) is one of the oldest existing cities of India-world. Pushkar lake has 52 Ghats where pilgrims descend into the lake to bathe, in the sacred waters. It is a town in the Ajmer district in Rajasthan, India. It is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) northwest of Ajmer at an average elevation of 510 m (1,670 ft) and is one of the five sacred Dhams-pilgrimage sites. The pond at the Katas Raj temple near Choa Saedan Shah in Chakwal District of Pakistan has a theological association with Bhagwan Shiv. It was formed by the tears of Bhagwan Shiv which he shed after the death of Mata Sati. When Mata Sati died, Bhagwan Shiv cried so much and for so long, that his tears created two holy ponds-one at Pushkar in Ajmer in India and the other at Kataksh (कटाक्ष, raining eyes). Katas is a short form of Kataksh. Pushkar is also famous for its annual Camel Fair held in November.
The nearest airport from Pushkar is Sanganer Airport at Jaipur at distance of 146 km (91 miles). Jaipur is well connected with all the major cities in India.
Pushkar is connected with Ajmer by Pushkar road which goes through Aravali range. The mountain portion road which separate Pushkar from Ajmer City is locally known as Pushkar Ghati. Pushkar is 11 km (6.8 mi) from Ajmer.
BRAHMAN (ब्राह्मण) is a Varn-Upper most-apex caste in Hinduism specialising in theory as priests, preservers and transmitters of sacred literature across generations. A Brahmn represents Brahma Ji and Bhagwan Shri Hari Vishnu says that a Brahmn is his mouth through which the demigods eat the offerings by the devotees.
Brahman Granth, (ब्राह्मणग्रंथ) are one of the four ancient layers of texts within the Veds. They are primarily a digest incorporating myths, legends, the explanation of Vedic rituals and in some cases philosophy. They are embedded within each of the four Veds and form a part of the Shruti.
Brahma Ji originated from the lotus emerging from the navel of Bhagwan Shri Hari Vishnu at the moment when time and universe were born. Brahma Ji was drowsy, errs and was temporarily incompetent as he appeared in the universe. He became aware of his confusion and drowsiness, meditated as an ascetic, then realised Bhagwan Shri Hari Vishnu in his heart. He saw the beginning and end of universe and then his creative powers were revived. Brahma Ji, thereafter combined Prakrati (nature, matter) and Purush (spirit, soul) to create a dazzling variety of living creatures and tempest of causal nexus. All his creations were divine. Kashyap Ji in turn created creatures through sexual inter course. [Bhagwat Puran]
Maa Parvati, incarnation of Maa Bhagwati is called the mother of the universe and she is credited with creating Brahma Ji, demigods and the three worlds. She is the one, who combined the three Tri Gun :- Sattv, Rajas and Tamas, into nature-Prakrati to create the empirically observed world. [Skand Puran]
Brahma Ji possesses Rajas Gun (quality of passion, activity, neither good nor bad and sometimes either, action, individualising, driven, dynamic), which is compensated by Maa Saraswati who has Sattv (quality of balance, harmony, goodness, purity, holistic, constructive, creative, positive, peaceful, virtuous). Maa Saraswati, is considered to be the embodiment of Bhagwan Brahma's power, the instrument of creation and the energy that drives his actions.
Bhagwan Brahma is traditionally depicted with four heads-mouths and four arms. Each face of his points to a cardinal direction. His hands hold no weapons, rather symbols of knowledge and creation. In one hand he holds the sacred texts of Ved, in second he holds Mala (rosary beads) symbolising time, in third he holds a ladle symbolising means to feed sacrificial fire and in fourth a Kamandal-utensil with water symbolising the means where all creation emanates from. His four mouths are credited with creating the four Veds. He is often depicted with a white beard, implying his sage-like experience. He sits on lotus, dressed in white (or red, pink), with his vehicle-Vahan a Hans, a swan or goose, nearby.
Brahma statue should be golden in colour. The statue should have four faces and four arms, have Jata-locks, Mukut-crown, Mandit-fixed (matted hair of an ascetic). Two of his hands should be in refuge granting and gift giving Mudra-posture. He should be shown with Kundik (water pot), Aksh Mala (rosary), a small and a large Sruk-Sruv (ladles used in Yagy ceremonies). The different proportions of the Murti-statue-idol, describes the ornaments and suggests that the idol wear Chir (bark strip) as lower garment and either be alone or be accompanied with goddesses Maa Saraswati on his right and Savitri on his left.[Chapter 51 of Manasar-Shilp Shastr]
DIADEM मुकुट :: ताज, किरीट; crown, front-let, corona.
TEMPLES DEDICATED TO BRAHMA JI ::
Very few temples are primarily dedicated to Brahma Ji and his worship in India. One of the few and the most prominent Hindu temple for Brahma Ji is the Brahma Temple, Pushkar. Other temples include a temple in Asotra village in Balotra Taluka of Rajasthan's Barmer district, which is known as Kheteshwar Brahm Dham Tirth.
Temples featuring Brahma Ji also exist in Tirunavaya, the Padm Nabh Swamy Temple, the Thripaya Trimurti Temple and Mitr Nath Puram Trimurti Temple in Kerala.
In Tamil Nadu, Brahma temples exist in the temple town of Kumbakonam, in Kodumudi and within the Brahmapureeswarar Temple in Tiruchirappalli.
There is a temple dedicated to Brahma Ji in the temple town of Shri Kala Hasti near Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.
A seven feet height of Chatur Mukh (Four mouths) Brahma temple at Bangalore, Karnataka. In the coastal state of Goa, a shrine belonging to the 5th century, in the small and remote village of Carambolim in the Sattari Taluka in the northeast region of the state is found.
Famous Murti of Brahma Ji exists at Mangal Wedha, 52 km from the Shola Pur district of Maharashtr and in Sopar near Mumbai. There is a 12th-century temple dedicated to him in Khed Brahma, Gujarat.
Brahma Temple at Khokhan, in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh.
Brahma Temple at Asotra, District Barmer, Rajasthan.
Brahma Temple at Oachira in Kollam district, Kerala.
Brahma temple at village aleo shrishty narayan, in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh.
Brahma Temple at Annamputhur village Shri Nidhishwar in Tindivanam,Tamil Nadu.
Thirunavaya, Thiruvallam, Kerala.
Brahma Temple at Royakotta road in Hosur, Tamil Nadu.
Uttamar Kovil in Shri Rangam, Tamil Nadu.
Kumbakonam, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu.
Khed Brahma, Gujarat.
The Brahma Temple near Pan Ji in the village of Brahma-Carambolim in the Satari Taluka, Goa.
Brahm Purishwarar temple in Tirupattur, near Trichy, Tamil Nadu.
Brahm Kuti Temple at Brahmavart (Bithoor), Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh).
Brahma Temple at village Chhinch, Tehsil Bagidoa, District Banswara, Rajasthan.
Chatur Mukh Brahm temple in Chebrolu, Andhra Pradesh
As Part of Trimurti at Thripaya Trimurti Temple in Irinjalakuda, Thrissur in Kerala, India
As Part of Trimurti at Mithrananth Puram Trimurti Temple in Thiruvanantha Puram in Kerala, India.
The largest and most famous shrine to Brahma Ji is situated in Cambodia's Angkor Wat. One of the three largest temples in the 9th century Prambanan temples complex in Yogyakarta, central Java (Indonesia) is dedicated to Bhagwan Brahma, the other two to Bhagwan Shiv (largest of three) and Vishnu respectively. The temple dedicated to Brahma Ji is on southern side of Bhagwan Shiv temple.
A statue of Brahma Ji is present at the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok and continues to be revered in modern times. The golden dome of the Government House of Thailand also contains a statue of Phra Phrom (Thai representation of Brahma). An early 18th century painting at Wat Yai Suwannaram in Phetchaburi city of Thailand shows Brahma.
Other temples of Brahma include Bithoor in Uttar Pradesh, India; Khed Brahma in Gujarat, India; village Asotra near Balotra city of Barmer district in Rajasthan; Uttamar Kovil (one of the Divy Desham) near Shri Rangam, Tamil Nadu; Carambolim near Valpoi in Goa, Mother Temple of Besakih in Bali, Indonesia; and Prambanan in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The country name of Burma-Myanmar is derived from Brahma and is referred to as Brahm-Desh.
Brahma Ji is a deity in Chinese folk religion and there are numerous temples devoted to the Bhagwan Brahma in China and Taiwan. Brahma is known in Chinese as Simians-hen (四面神, "Four-Faced God"), Ts-hangs pa in Tibetan and Bonten in Japanese.
I spent 4 years in Ajmer at Regional College of Education (Now, Regional Institute of Education) to seek my graduation degrees in Science and Education. During that period the opportunity to visit Brahma Ji temple came thrice. 1st visit was as a volunteer of Vishw Hindu Parishad with my Hindi teacher Mr. Saxena, 2nd with my father and the 3rd with my teacher Dr. S.N. Panda.
No comments:
Post a Comment